Distributed representation of multi-sense words: A loss-driven approach

Word2Vec's Skip Gram model is the current state-of-the-art approach for estimating the distributed representation of words. However, it assumes a single vector per word, which is not well-suited for representing words that have multiple senses. This work presents LDMI, a new model for estimating distributional representations of words. LDMI relies on the idea that, if a word carries multiple senses, then having a different representation for each of its senses should lead to a lower loss associated with predicting its co-occurring words, as opposed to the case when a single vector representation is used for all the senses. After identifying the multi-sense words, LDMI clusters the occurrences of these words to assign a sense to each occurrence. Experiments on the contextual word similarity task show that LDMI leads to better performance than competing approaches.Comment: PAKDD 2018 Best paper award runner-u

Emergency Undocking Curriculum in Robotic Surgery

Introduction Traditional instruction for robotic surgery is typically devoid of training that addresses the delineation of interprofessional roles for operating room personnel. An emergency undocking scenario was developed for robotic surgeons with the objectives of improving time to access the patient, provider knowledge of and confidence in emergency undocking, completion of predetermined critical actions, and delineation of operating room personnel roles. Methods Over one month, participants joined in three sessions: Session 1 - formative, Session 2 - review, and Session 3 - summative. Embedded standardized participants (ESPs) represented members of the interprofessional team. Prior to entering the operating room for Sessions 1 and 3, trainees were asked to complete a confidence survey and multiple choice questionnaire (MCQ) for knowledge assessment. Participants were randomized to one of two cases and participated in the reciprocal case for the final session four weeks later. Following Session 1, participants underwent an educational intervention, including the proper technique for emergency undocking, emphasis on operating room personnel roles, and hands-on practice. Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residents in post-graduate Years 2-4 and attending physicians with robotics privileges at Summa Health Akron Campus or Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center were invited to participate. A total of 21 participants enrolled and finished the study. Results Among the 21 participants, there was a significant increase in the baseline level of knowledge (p-value=0.001) and in the confidence of surgeons when faced with an emergency undocking after the completion of our curriculum (p-value=0.003). Additionally, an improvement in the undocking times (p-value<0.001) and an increase in the critical actions performed (p-value=0.002) were observed. Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that incorporating this curriculum into the training programs of robotic surgeons is an effective way to improve the surgical skill of emergency undocking

The Effectiveness of the Discrimination Model-Based Counseling Supervisory Program in Improving Crisis Counseling Skills among Family Reform Counselors in Jordan

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a counseling supervisory program based on the discrimination model in improving crisis counseling skills for family reform counselors in Jordan. The sample of the study consisted of 30 female and male counselors, who were randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group (15) male and female counselors received the supervisory program according to the discrimination model with 90-minute 18 weekly sessions over 9 weeks, whereas  the control group (15) female and male counselors did not receive the supervisory program. The  Family Crisis Skills  Scale which  consists  of 59 items was divided into three subscales: Family Crisis Counseling, Counseling Relation Skills, and Procedures of Intervention &amp; Response to Crisis. It  was  used with the total sample in the pre-post-test, and in the follow-up test only with experimental group. The results of the study showed that there are statistically significant differences in the overall mean scores of  the  posttest and all sub-scales of the Family Crisis Skills Scale between the two study group, in favor of the experimental group. Also, the results showed that although the differences between the two groups  in the overall mean scores of the post-follow-up test and all sub-scales of the Family Crisis Skills Scale were not statistically significant, there was a positive gain of improvement for the experimental group. These findings suggest that the counselors in the experimental group retained the impact of the program, and provided  evidence that the impact of the program was efficient and sustainable

THE EFFECT OF PORE DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION ON FATIGUE WEAK LINKS IN AN A713 CAST ALUMINUM ALLOY

The effects of pore density and distribution were investigated on the fatigue crack initiation behavior in an A713 sand cast aluminum alloy plate of 12 mm thickness. The applied stress- the number of cycles to failure (S-N) curves of the samples taken from 2 mm and 5 mm from the free surface were obtained using four-point bend fatigue testing at room temperature, frequency of 20 Hz, stress ratio of 0.1, sinusoidal waveform, and in ambient air. The fatigue strengths of both, the 2 mm and 5 mm samples were 60% of the yield strength (σy=171.9 MPa) of the alloy. Optical microscopy, SEM, and EDS mapping were used to characterize pores and particles in 2 mm and 5 mm samples. The average pore sizes of the 2 mm and 5 mm samples were measured to be 10 to 14 μm, and 14 to 32 μm, respectively. The pore number densities in 5 mm and 2 mm samples were comparable, but higher number densities of non-clustered coarse pores (gas pores) were observed in 5 mm samples. The crack population found after fatigue testing showed a Weibull function of stress level. The peaks of strength distributions of fatigue weak link density of 5 mm and 2 mm samples were measured to be 0.017 mm-2 at 67.6 % σy, and 0.01027 mm-2 at 69.5% σy. Crack populations, when normalized by number densities of gas pores (non-clustered) and number densities of shrinkage pores (clustered), giving crack nucleation rate (crack/pore, mm-2), showed a good fit with the Weibull function in 2 mm and 5 mm samples. Shrinkage and gas pores could both become the main crack initiation sites (i.e. fatigue weak links) in this alloy. Higher nucleation rates of gas pores and shrinkage pores were observed in 5 mm samples compared to those rates in 2 mm samples. At high applied stresses, the 2 mm samples showed better fatigue lives than those of 5 mm samples. Fractured surfaces were analyzed using SEM and found that the main crack initiation were predominately from pores. The pores on the fractured surfaces were counted and their depth and width were measured. It was found that the cracks may not necessarily initiate from coarse pores, but sometimes from shrinkage pores (i.e. group of pores). The depth from the free surface, the width, the size, and the orientation of pores are key factors in increasing the driving force for crack initiation and subsequently those pores turn into long cracks. Moreover, the aspect ratios of pores on the main cracks were measured and found that in 5 mm samples, some pores have an aspect ratios of less than 0.7, which means that these pores are elongated in depth and have a narrow width which increase the stress concentration on the surface, thus, increasing the driving force for crack nucleation